Adults and children are commonly exposed to loud music. Listening to loud music through ear buds connected to devices like iPods or MP3 players or at music concerts can cause hearing loss.

The inner part of the ear contains tiny hair cells (nerve endings).

• The hair cells change sound into electric signals.
• Nerves then carry these signals to the brain, which recognizes them as sound.
• These tiny hair cells are easily damaged by loud sounds.

The human ear is like any other body part -- too much use can damage it.

Over time, repeated exposure to loud noise and music can cause hearing loss.

Noise induced hearing loss - music; Sensory hearing loss - music

The decibel (dB) is a unit to measure the level of sound.

• The softest sound that some humans can hear is 20 dB or lower (about the loudness of a whisper).
• Normal talking is 40 dB to 60 dB.
• A rock concert is between 80 dB and 120 dB and can be as high as 140 dB right in front of the speakers.
• Headphones at maximum volume are approximately 105 dB.

The risk of damage to your hearing when listening to music depends on:

• How loud the music is
• How close you may be to the speakers
• How long and how often you are exposed to loud music
• Headphone use and type
• Family history of hearing loss

Activities or jobs that increase your chance of hearing loss from music are:

• Being a musician, sound crew member, or recording engineer
• Working at a night club
• Attending concerts
• Using portable music devices with headphones or ear buds

Children who play in school bands can be exposed to high decibel sounds, depending on which instruments they sit near or play.

Rolled-up napkins or tissues do almost nothing to protect your ears at concerts.

Two types of earplugs are available to wear:

• Foam or silicone earplugs, available at drugstores, help reduce noise. They will muffle sounds and voices but may fit poorly.
• Custom-fit musician earplugs fit better than foam or silicone ones and do not change the sound quality.

Other tips while in music venues are:

• Sit at least 10 feet (3 m) or more away from speakers
• Take breaks in quieter areas. Limit your time around noise.
• Move around the venue to find a quieter spot.
• Avoid having others shout in your ear to be heard. This can cause further harm to your ears.
• Avoid too much alcohol, which can make you unaware of the pain louder sounds can cause.

Rest your ears for 24 hours after exposure to loud music to give them a chance to recover.

The small ear bud style headphones (inserted into the ears) do not block outside sounds. Users tend to turn up the volume to block out other noise. Using noise-cancelling earphones may help you keep the volume down because you can more easily hear the music.

If you wear headphones, the volume is too loud if a person standing near you can hear the music through your headphones.

Other tips about headphones are:

• Decrease the amount of time you use headphones.
• Turn down the volume. Listening to music at level 5 or above for just 15 minutes per day may cause long-term hearing damage.
• Do not raise the volume past the halfway point on the volume bar when using headphones. Or, use the volume limiter on your device. This will prevent you from turning the sound up too high.

If you have ringing in your ears or your hearing is muffled for more than 24 hours after exposure to loud music, have your hearing checked by an audiologist.

See your health care provider for signs of hearing loss if:

• Some sounds seem louder than they should be.
• It is easier to hear men's voices than women's voices.
• You have trouble telling high-pitched sounds (such as "s" or "th") from one another.
• Other people's voices sound mumbled or slurred.
• You need to turn the television or radio up or down.
• You have ringing or a full feeling in your ears.

Arts HA, Adams ME. Sensorineural hearing loss in adults. In: Flint PW, Francis HW, Haughey BH, et al, eds. Cummings Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 152.

Eggermont JJ. Causes of acquired hearing loss. In: Eggermont JJ, ed. Hearing Loss. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017:chap 6.

Le Prell CG. Noise-induced hearing loss. In: Flint PW, Francis HW, Haughey BH, et al, eds. Cummings Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 154.

National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders website. Noise-induced hearing loss. www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/noise-induced-hearing-loss. Updated March 16, 2022. Accessed May 8, 2024.